Aeneid, 3.96.
accts of wales in Leland's
1
Tumuli above
2
2.3
4.
. 9.
10
11.
12
13
14
15
16 ts.
17
18
21 o
22 ts in Church
23
24
27
28
31
32.
33. Druidical circles, Chars.
34
35
36 Ken y cerreg a dying lichen.GPC s.v. cen1
37
48
49
Great oak & scotch fir.
50 Penulls & harp.
54
57
58
61.
Monumt
62. 63.
II. Tour.
72.
73.
76
78
79
80
81
83.
s knowl; but no remains exist; only a parcel of Hollows like old
Quarries.
He had a
on the summit of the hill above
gdge. in the
top is a deep hollow; & up to it two paths that wind along the sides to the
summit. visible as far as
On the E. side is a small oblong inclosure with the agger yet very distinct.
A little below wais a circular hollow now
dydd mawrxx
c tombstones have a fine effect beneath the vast grey rocks
that soar above it. in this church yard are the two singular crosses + drawn by
Major
on a high rock above this place are the shattered remains of t Mounderling
on the w. side a ruin of a large chapple called
near
are tinged with red. the last is
sometimes shot into parallel columns, & other forms. vide my Cabinet.
On this hill is a large & very strong entrenched camp; the first I think at this end of the vale. the side towards the N. W. is very steep almost a precipice so needs no other defence; but a sort of terrass or walk is plained along the edge for the defendants to walk on. on the other side are one two or three deep trenches: the aggers are high
& formed of stone taken out of the fosses at their formation. Their size
sharpness & ruggedness all contribute to render the approach very difficult.
no water on or being near this place..
N. B. These encampments are of no
particular form; the fosses conforming to the shape of the upper part of the
hill.
The next entrenchments are on a hill above
different degrees of
steepness. This hill is not a high one, projects a little into the vale &
defended the most easy & natural pass into it of any. Here is a deep
At the foot of this opposite
Septr 1. 1770.
n.
Beckfordr Wedderburn
court on the S. W. side
also strongly walled. One of the towers, i.e that on the S.E. corner is at
14 small distance from the Castle wall & much larger than the
others. is called the double Tower. having a double wall. the inner circle is 22
f. 6 inches diameter, the wall, thro which are 4 arched doors, is 6 f. 2 thick.
between this & the outer wall is a vaulted gallery 7 f. 2 wide, passing
almost round; but at one part is suddenly lowered into a passagex of
a
height that a man cannot walk upright
in; terminating at the other side of the gallery pointing upwards into it. this
middle circle is now open to the top was probably the Dunjon of the castle. the
outer walls, not less than 10 f. 8 inches thick. in two parts of which are a
square hole reaching from top to bottom. the whole diameter from one side of the
gallery to the opposite measured thro the area is 48 feet.
about two miles further is flodgements for the soldiery
A deep sinking but not a vale succeeds between this & a half distant.
Moel Arthur
.
supposed to take its name from our
of the inaccessible side is a
smooth terrass like
that of
Moel
Hirad
oig
On the top of this is a hole about 4 feet deep & the same diameter.
The next is another
Above that is
on the Camden's Britannia newly translated into English, with large additions
and improvements (London, 1695), pp. 687–8, here [accessed 16 March 2023].
In
In the wall of the t
GermanusCeltic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, 5 vols
(Santa Barbara, 2006) s.n. St Germanus; here and here [both accessed 30 October 2023].
Davies. 56.
Another monument of r lieutenant of the
below the church ofn the other side of the
near this is a small rock or eminence called
In Basingwerk abbyA Tour
in Wales 1770 [1773] (1778), I, pp. 410-11, where the suggestion
that the roof at Basingwerk Abbey 'would do very well for a church beneath
Moel Famma' is attributed to the vaticinatory
poet,
In the church yard is a tomb stone of
Not far from
In a meadow beneath
st
of the th of
July 12th. left
near xxand ditch with an entrance; a
monumental memorial a sort of Garland. above 1/4 in the fields opposite another
of an oblong form with a rising in the middle.
near
HIC IACIT ANVLI
ERBO OBIH.
near the Vale by xy Gaer
ofa seat of
several family pitures of persons eminent in their time. among others of
s,
therefore married rather suddenly. at the burial of one of her spouses she was
lexd to Church by
x^ SirMr
Salusbury
view from
At x
t vide the drawing.
In the church a fine c.1520, d. 1578) of
Lleweni is among the monuments at St Marcella's Church, Llanfarchell,
Denbighshire. See here [accessed 10
November 2023]; and for an image showing Sir John and his wife, Jane, here [accessed 13 November 2023].
wife r she in xxfull
dress. a watch hanging by a chain low at her feet. ruffs
on
one
sidxe, 8 Kxnights; & the mayor, he in a black
gown. on the other two women in full dress kneeling & two infants in
swaddles. th
March 1578.
t. of a c.1527–68) but is now widely believed to be a monument from the
Victorian era, see here [accessed 13 November 2023]. A copy made by Moses Griffith
is found in Pennant's extra-illustrated A Tour in
Wales, vol. 1, p. 34/4, here [accessed 30 September 2024].
In this church lies xR. Cloughx
Flintshire 39.
HughRichard
xudwy
Calendars of the Ancient Charters, and of
the Welsh and Scottish Rolls, Now Remaining in the Tower of London
was not published until 1774 suggests that this note was added at a later
date to Pennant's travel notebook.
II. 241. Whitelock 216. 226. 218.c.1520–1584), which included 'Chronicon Lichefeldensis ecclesie', a
history of the cathedral of Lichfield, first produced in 1569. See ODNB s.n. Whitelocke [Whitlock], William (c.1520–1584).
DWB s.n. Salusbury, Salisbury, Salesbury family,
of Lleweni and Bachygraig; see here
[accessed 1 October 2024].
the brick were brought from
It sends one member to Parlement. In the archives of the Town is a memorable
Letter of vide the copy.
The Townhouse is a good one built by sd
xxward of the
manour for the use as he styled it of his vxassals.
The Gate to the enclosure before the
The great gate to the
within is the castle yard in which was the well where the tr 23. 1645xxiangular hollow, partly cut in the live rock & partly
walled.
The well called the Goblin well lies in an outwork on the east side. Lambert
the garrison to surrxendedr. the Govr was Twllie whils
they
[several letters] run thro the building & serve as
subterraneous communication.
The d have been a noble pile has 9 windows & the
foundations of a double row of pillars. its length is 173 feet. its breadth
71.
The chapple to the Garrison (called t Hillary s[several letters]and is only a chapple of ease to
Prospect from the dyde
r. before the
house are some very magnificent oaks. one the king
oak, he refused 50£ for
his grounds lie very beautifully round his house. his walks along his fields
& thro his Dinglex are very fine. The last are filled with wood,
have in some parts small tracts of meadow embosomed with trees; & watered by
the
Lay at
July 13. ride above two miles along a pretty fertile & wooded bottom to
several words & very Chearless for many miles. yet feed
many
Saw a great cross extended on the ground formed to that shape by large round stones heaped on each other.
The two small lakes of
t
t ap Robt
r PriceODNB
s.n. Price [Pryce], Ellis [called y Doctor Coch]
(c.1505-1594).
near is r Wynnet John. a Hospitium probably for the relief of
Travellers in this wild country here being a great pass into th
m BrandonJacket, over his neck a chain I suppose a badge of his order. a lion
at his feet. The third very
Pantglas
Much industry here; the little children as well as grown up people knitting
stockings which they carry to
t. Richard- Vaughanxsix poor Aged men of this parish He died in June
Ao. Dm- 1700
a view towards
the 33 miles
in circuit. yeilds fine
Dined at
descended into the
last, appears a very steep road which brought us after a long & toilsome
ascent to vfrânxze,
so that it must have been a work of a multitude another is called
Sarn Helen
;
descended a very steep zi
July 14th. from an eminence at the w. end of the
church is a view the most various & consisting of parts the most opposite
that can be imagined. on one side the high mountain of
form an august but tremendous scenery & excite a noble idea of the
omnipotent maker. for here he seems to have actxxed with all the
fullness of power, & to shew in how trifling & how contemptible a light the greatest of human works appear compared
with those created by the meet fiat of the almighty. This rude prospect
terminates in
summits, some
whole, others broken into serrated crags or high spires: The sides of some are
abrupt precipices, of others sloped, but often interrupted with breaks that deny
all access except to the but by a horse. I long to see the inhabitants of this
sequestered chasm.
Between these mountains &
But the pride of this country is the Tan y
bwlch
I write from. it begins in form of a narrow & deep glen covered with woods;
but soon spreads out & gives room for a tract of rich meadows divided by the
river
The banks of this TempeOED s.n.
Tempe.
charms
must be allowed to be exalted by the tremendous scenery the traveller must pass
thro [?xx]to get into it, from whatsover side he comes. in the midst
of one of the groves is a gentleman's seat; whom I immediately supposed the
happiest of mortals; but was soon undeceived by being told, he lived quite
insensible to the paradise which surrounded him, lived the life of a beast,
& was dying at the age of twenty four with excess of drinking.
visited the clwyd
noble view of the rocky mountains which form a strange
& wild theatre, bounded by naked & broken precipices.
The country alters between this place &
descended into the vale: the river becomes immediately considerable by the
junction of two streams ^xxroperty of
the wynnes
1. c.1800 but with earlier origins (see here); both sources accessed 2 October 2024.
most of these now swallowed by our welch
Leviathansr
Griffith
passed thro a wood of young oak which covered the sides of a high hill; the
runs
immediately, but far beneath us; the road good & very like some in the
bottom cloathed with
trees; a black ^withthro' them. cross
a bridge ascend a steep hill amidst woods; the prospect enlarges; the stupendous
mountains of
neighbors of
in a most coarse case. xummit, the rest gradually lower as. far as the hundred of
e
xending at
the sides shallow for a small ^space, but Suddenly
change into a vast depth from a shelf of rock that borders the whole.
Saw the entrance into
passed by
at once appeared fair & beautifull. it's waters are crystalline; its margins full;
& its bounds neat & clean. The road lies directly over narrow but
passed thro the village of
a very fine cascade near it jetting from rock to rock.
Dugdale
defended in
x r 14th. 1647.
The house with a gateway before it is romantickly seated in a deep bottom with
much wood above it as well as
ascended a steep hixll; on the lower end many maen hir; & circles
of round common peble stones forming a sort of fortress;^tab. 322.
vide xxsser circle within the larger, are
called in wales
Cyttie'r Gwyddelod.
built evidently
the remains of a square
tower. sea once ran beneath. now marsh. it was repaired by the workmen who built
taken by articles march 16th 1645/6. by x. The governr
r Wm owen
passed along a low country parallel with the Sea called r where I lay.
July 15.
[?x]Very large woods but quite shorn by the west winds. no great
timber. r Vaughan
In the afternoon rode to
r
Vaughan
Above that is Llyn Mynych
pass by
30 yards from this circle is a lesser, 32 yards in diameter. it has several
upright stones in its sides; but few of the lesser loose stones, which possibly
are sunk in the earth. these circles here called. no name.
Half a mile s. of these on the side of a hill are Carnedhs of amazing size, they
contain a summary of druidical religion, carnedh, Crwmleh, maen hir, &
Druids cell.[?x]has four vast maen
hir, one still erect, & these prostrate but entire. one 11 f. high 4 broad,
another 11 - 4. by 4 - 9. the third 12 - 8 by -. a fourth 10 - 4- by - at one
end is a vast Crwmleh 12 - by 8 - 10. lodged on the loose stones & some
upright ones, & surrounded by the former, except at the ends.
The other Carnedh is 55 yards long; & about 12 feet high in the middle. at the E. end is a great crwmleh composed of two sloping stones one placed over the edge of the other. under this is a sqare cell formed of five flat upright stones 7 feet high in one part, 4 - 10 at the lowest, a Druids cell, or perhaps the place where the victims were kept. above 8 yards from this is another Crwmleh lying flat on the carnedh without any upright props
eleven yards further is another with a large cell, now converted into a shepherds
cot, who has placed stone benches within, & formed a chimny thro the loose
stones to the top. The Carned extends far beydond this last.
N. W. of this on the top of a hill is an entrenched camp like those in castel DDinas Corthen
In our road to -
a large Carnedh with a Kest
vachBryn Cornyn Jau
July 16. about a mile & half's ride in a te[?x]nement called
at each end; lies about 2 feet above the ground. in a little hollow with a small circle of loose stones round it.
on all the stones of this Country is a lichen of a whitish color called in welch
Ken y CerrigGPC s.v.
cen1, where it is defined as 'lichen
growing on stones from which growth a dye was manufactured'. 'Lleu'
means 'light, brightness, bright' or may be a variant of 'lliw', meaning
colour.[several letters] is the natural dye of the country; dyes
purple or crimson; & sold here at 10s per
hundred.
About five miles distance is
[several
letters]
grey & naked^
on that account are
called by the country people Carreg clomennod.
In the midst is the road or rather horse path over either the smooth surface of
the slippery rocks marked with the slidings of thousand of
or on large stones disposed like a staircase;
Robell
&
In my return passed by the house which gave birth to the Regicide
In a field on the road side not far off
keep near the shore & ride to
ble at the ebb of spring tides fatal
to numbers of ships many of which are lost without ever being heard of. This was
once supposed to have been a habitable country
t. Paulsbenda consumpta per mare
There have been found under
In a tenement called
July 17. rode by
water carried off in
bottles. a chapple near it. saw
yinas
porchellyn
descended & passed thro more woods measured some trees to prove that the
country was capable of producing timber, for most that we see are poor &
small growing from old shoots. some were 8 feet 2 inches in girth. r Vaughanx
a spruce 6 - 2.
rode between trees above a rapid torrent; a sweet alpine view, a wooden bridge & mill in view. a little farther an antient looking arch flung from rock to rock, over a deep black hole in the river oak trees shoot horizontally over it on one side, ash on the other.
a little further a farm house with a most forward kitchen garden beneath. the
trees here disposed in small grooves
each
side a narrow meadow. the trees in many parts of this days ride so distant as to
admit sight of the grey rocks between them.
go thro a ford near a pool in the river called
wind up a narrow path, rocky & staircase fashion; but not the best I have
gone up. come in sight of
neither bettered or lessened their Income, lived without fame but without its
cursed attendents. the present house has its date on a stone near the door 1512
built by
]tune was addressed Farewell
Dai Lluyd. This the only specimen of an antient welch gentleman's
house. furniture rude; the most remarkable the Cistiau Styffylog or
oatchests.GPC s.v. cist
ystyffylog, which gives the definition 'bin, hutch'. 'Cist' translates as
'chest', whilst 'ystyffylog, styffylog' (as a noun likewise meaning a
'chest, trunk') is translated as 'squat; wiry, sinewy' when an adjective.
See ibid. s.v. cist; ystyffylog, styffylog.A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), I,
p. 115. For 'cig coch yr wden (y gwydyn)', see GPC
s.v. cig, where the translation gives 'smoked or dried goat's flesh or
venison', with a 1762 example.
The territories of this antient Briton extend about two
s, a
little wood & very much rock. but the whole forms an august scenery; the
Mountains Envelope his vale & lake like an immense Theatre. The best view is
from a meadow below the house; where you see the whole circuit; his meadows are
divided by a pretty stream bounded on one side by the lake on another by his
woods which skirt the feet of the mountains the
strea
m passes thro these: & if you give
yourself the trouble of passing his groves, you will see thA Tour in Wales 1770
[1773] (1st edn.), I, p. 116; GPC s.v.
hafoty.
it in order to enlarge his landed desman but alas htheir longevity as it is to the joint tenant of these rocks the
The Mountains that guard his Estates are [far only
British Zoology, the British Zoology (4th edn., Warrington: William Eyres for Benjamin
White, 1776-7), vol. 1, p. 49.
The pools are Llyn du, Gloullyn, his own. & Llyn Eitho.
July 18. leave ejllail wart
Hic Jacet Calixtus monedo Rigi.
pass over very shifting & flying sands to The Foundations of Modern Wales 1642-1780
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), pp. 284-5, 298. See further n. X
below.
The river here when the tide is in, is a measured mile: is navigable for ships of
100 tuns 6 miles further & the tide flows a mile farther. The shore is high
& picturesque, mixed with woods. the true name of the River is
known by any other than that of Avon.Aber Maw
Maw
being a river
which falls into the
The entrance into this port is difficult by reason of a bar of sand which lies
across. within is about a mile a wide, continues that breadth about four miles;
the channel at low water small, & full of broad sands.
returned & dined at r Vaughan
walked up the hill above yies of the houses as they lie one
above the other. had a fine ride on the sides of the hills over the river; the
country very hilly; & most beautifully diversified near the shores with
woods & fields. the distant mounts of a vast
height,
The woods are continually lessening, the freeholders being obliged to cut down
their young trees on account of the dearness of fuel; by reason of the 5
shilling duty. this also obliges them to keep much of the ground which would
otherwise be fine meadow & hay ground, for Turberies; a great loss where
good ground is so scarce.obstacles to improvement" in agriculture -
"the duty upon coal" was included in every list'.
See Walter Davies, General view of the agriculture and
domestic economy of north Wales (London: Richard Phillips, 1810),
pp. 362-3. For the use of turbaries for fuel, see ibid., p. 266.
ODNB s.n. Cadwgan ap Bleddyn (d. 1111).
the
turn a little out of the road to see
wynedd
t
MaryA Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II,
p. 98. In this notebook account of the 1770 journey, he appears to be
referring to Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, although the reference to his being
son of 'Gervase Iorwerth' is unexpected and perhaps a conflation of the
figure of Llywelyn's father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, and his own clerk and
vice-chancellor, known as 'Master Gervase' or Master Iorwerth. For the
latter, see J. Beverley Smith, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Prince of Wales (new edn., Cardiff: University of Wales Press,
2014), pp. 323, 409, 554 n. 154. On the grants made by Llywelyn ab
Iorwerth to the Cistercian abbey of Cymer, see ibid., p. 205-6; and K.
Williams-Jones, 'Llywelyn's charter to Cymer abbey in 1209', in JMHRS, vol. III, part I (1957), 45-78. None of
this information appears in Powel's
In a field near it,
Also a
house called Ragarth
of hazels
it lies in a fine but small vale the hills are cultivated on their sides far up;
the fields bounded by large woods; above which soar the rugged mountains.
who fortunately had his armour beneath his cloaths so received no hurt. enraged
at this he seized on National Redeemer: Owain Glyndŵr in
Welsh Tradition (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996), pp.
130-2. Pennant's published account is in A Tour in Wales
1770 [1773] (1st edn.), I, p. 324-5.
reach r Hugh Vaughanr Robert Vaughanr
Vaughan
July 19. rode to view
at the distance of half a mile, where it is seen at full length with its
In the A Tour in Wales (1784), II, p. 87.bynear
The Tomb
of A
Hic Jacet
The trade of JMHRS, vol. XVIII, part III (2020), 284-98,
especially 285, 292, 293.
toke the road to r
Pugh
or glens for many miles. I measured one on the road side next the house. it was
greatly decayed, one side quite perished & a hollow thro which we passed
forming a gothic arch. yet in this ruinous state its circumference was 27 feet 5
inches. its name is HobgoblinsDæmons.onat feetYards high. &
16 yards in girth.
r Rice Jones
alias
Above
returned to Tommyn. from thence a fine view of the
junction of the
measured a scotch fir planted by r Vaughanaboutnot 50 years ago.
its circumference was 8 feet five inches.
+r Rice Jones
Sedanen
E
rddigan tro Tant &c.Welsh Traditional Music (Cardiff: University of Wales
Press in association with Cymdeithas Alawon Gwerin Cymru, 2011), pp. 13-14,
22-3.
Customary for numbers of people to sit round the harp & sing alternately Penulls or stanzas of old, or new poety & will
continue singing 24 hours & never reGPC s.v. pennill.
finit sæpe vitam, spiritu prius deficiente, quam
cantu may almost be added.Natural History, X:43. The material is
reproduced in A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st
edn.), II, p. 92.Eisteddvod.A Tour in Wales 1770
[1773] (1st edn.), II, p. 92, but there are subtle differences
(e.g. 'the audience usually call for the tunes' rather than 'the audience
never calls for the tunes') which suggest verification and correction of
material perhaps relatively hastily jotted down in situ.
Harp once made of hoops covered with Leather
strings of twisted hair, originally had but one row of strings. the triple rows
very recent.The Story of the Harp in Wales (Cardiff:
University of Wales Press, 1991) pp. 6-7, 50-2. Further notes by Pennant on the
harp are found in Loose leaves, l_10r-l_10v.
July 20 passed thro
& left
deep wooded dingle & beyond them
on the
right the serrated mountain.
went under bethe top of a neighboring rock a vast stone
pitched on it carreg ar ei gilydd.
on the plain are also several maen hiroblong square inclosed with rude walls of
large stones 30 yards each side; the entrance 7 feet wide with two large upright
stones on each side. it is supposed to have been the palace of
From the ascent just above
left this Glenn & went on a fine road on the side of hills with a steep slope from thence to the sea at that time finely mottled with black & green from the shade of the broken clouds.
passed afterwards among great & verdant mountains even at their tops &
covered with sheep. at a place called the
chiefly of turberies & black
meadows. saw at a distance
=
& steep slope of loose sharp stones for several hundreds of yards from the
bottom of the precipice. beneath runs the Des uynny
Towen
GPC s.n. tywyn2.
2 measured miles. near the end is a great
& high rock of an oblong form
the whole even
pa
sides. & had a small arched door on
one of the walled
uins, but seemed to have been the high
round tower so common in all castles.
towards the middle, on one side the rock forms part of the defence
skirted all along with a wall. here seemed to have been the castle yard; but even that is deeply hollowed; possibly the place where the stone was got. at the s. w. end is a small door with a great hole thro which the great wooden bar passed.
The walls of this fortress extend along the edge of the rock, are in a strait
line on each side; the walls well made, the stones squared, the mortar shells
& gravel but very rotten at present. The whole is now overgrown
with bushes &
briars, which makes the seeing of this place very difficult.
It is
in the
old
people
returned the same way for a quarter of a mile & turned short on the left near
r owen
berlants very
steeply sloping. went by
A
Topographical Dictionary of Wales, 2 vols. (London: S. Lewis and
Co., 1833), II s.n. Tàlyllyn.
A few miles further the mountains meet at their bottoms; & approach nearer at
the tops; & change their appearance. no verdure is now seen; but a general
appearance of rude & savage nature: the sides are broke into a thousand
crags x
to pass under them
fear. a few bushes grew
among them;
one of the precipices is called
saw a little lake called
Had another view of r
Wilson
go over
July 21.
Left
the cottage is called
in sight & appears in full
majesty.
Turned on the left out of the road to see
precipices. in front is a deep foss cut in
the rock. The first part of the castle is
a
remains it must have been very considerable.
the first is the most entire; the inside faced with square stones & joined
with mortar of gravel & shells, is pretty entire.
ds above
ds
ds from the
C: V88. in full armr & spurs. on his breats plate roses, & on
his belly a wolfs head.
near the end of
x
ds in broadest placeDwrch
A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II, p. 71,
claiming that it could not be the case, 'because [the Dee] does not appear
to flow from any two particular fountains'.
The The
billows almost mountaneous. its depth
various. r Dyson
found 60 yards
depth
hores belonging to other Gentlemen or
Freeholders.
£ worth sold; on some ^£; but at other times far
less than 200£. vast industry thro the county, not a beggar to be seen.
men assemble
at one anothers houses to knit; sit round a fire, hearing some old tale, or else
a song if any songster in company. this is called a Cwmmorth gwai or knitting
assembly.GPC s.n. cymorth.
close to r Davies
July 22. passed thro cross the Trouerin
first went along a very dull hilly road; from whence a fine view of the
ts that are at the w. end such as
a small entrenchment quite flat & smooth on
top with a large opening towards *
descend into the
cross that The Historie of Cambria, now
called Wales of the meeting at Corwen in 1165 of forces from
all parts of Wales (including men led by Owain Gwynedd and his brother
Cadwaladr from north Wales, Lord Rhys from south Wales, Owain Cyfeiliog
and Madog ap Meredydd from Powys) gathered to repulse an imminent attack
by Henry II.
Hic Jacet Iorwerth SULIEN: vicarius de Corvaen. ora pro es.
a priest as if in his coffin. head & breast visible holding a chalice.
coffin lid prettily ornamentc.1340-50. The inscription reads 'X
HIC IACET IORWERTH SULIEN VICARIVS DE CORUAEN ORAPROEO ('Here lies Iorwerth
Sulien, Vicar of Corwen, Pray for him'. See Andrew Davidson, 'Parish
Churches', in J. Beverley Smith and Llinos Beverley Smith (eds.), History of Merioneth Volume II: The Middle Ages
(Cardiff: University of Wales Press on behalf of the Merioneth Historical
and Record Society, 2001), pp. 326–85, especially pp. 337, 383c.d a mark cut in of
this form
[DIAGRAM marked: 10 inches/National Redeemer: Owain Glyndŵr in Welsh Tradition, (Cardiff:
University of Wales Press, 1996), pp. 152–3; A Tour in
Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II, p. 61; and further, Nancy Edwards
A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone
Sculpture in Wales Volume III North Wales (Cardiff: University of
Wales Press, 2013).A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone
Sculpture in Wales Volume III North Wales (Cardiff: University of
Wales Press, 2013).
near it a neat building of 6 houses for 6 clergymens widows,+m EytonA Tour in Wales 1770
[1773] (1st edn.), II, p. 62, where the home of William Eyton is
noted as
The History of the Life of King Henry the
Second at the point indicated. The material treats of the borough
of St Albans.
on one side of the ch. porch a rude sharp stone
called carreg pig.sic]', may be translated as
'the pointed stone in the icy nook'. See J. Y. W. Lloyd, 'History of the
Lordship of Maelor Gymraeg or Bromfield, the Lordship of Ial or Yale, and
Chirkland, in the Principality of Powys Fadog', Archaeologia Cambrensis, Fourth Series, no. XXXVI (October 1878),
273–92, especially 275; and here
[accessed 23 April 2024].
breakfast at
ose stones.
a few miles farther on a plain in the road to
on the right is a place called HPWaH, pp. 295-8, 316.
descend in a pleasant small vale thro which the bap. 1693),
daughter of Susan (née Thelwall) and Sir Roger Puleston of Emral, to Andrew
Kenrick of Chester and Woore Manor, Shropshire. In 1770, it was their eldest
son, Richard (d. 1802) who would have held the seat. See here [accessed 23 April 2024].
dine at rs RobertsDWB s.n. Thelwall family, Plas y Ward,
Bathafarn, Plas Coch, and Llanbedr, Denbighshire, here
[accessed 24 April 2024].
Another monument. John Thelwall & his wife Sarah
The
return along the edge of the
Aug. 12. left r Roberts
vale
called iesy.
the view from it extremely beautifull; as far as
At the foot of this eminence is a large spring called
Near this are some comfortable rs
Joness per week &
coals.
The very fine window of painted glass dated 1533. at the bottom is
Jesse lying down; from him springs 17 large figures filling the five great
compartments; with some smaller figures in the lesser.The Tradition: A New History of Welsh Art
1400–1990 (Cardigan: Parthian, 2016), pp. 16–17.
In this r of yeaning on his elbow. attended by weeping Genii &c.Epistle to Bathurst', The Review of
English Studies, vol. 72, issue 305 (June 2021), 502-19, here
[accessed 8 October 2024].
This part of the r: Walter Bagot
Aug 13. ride over a hilly country far les
ertile than the vale;
but
t Sannant.
Stopped at eds of seats as has
been feigned; nor indeed any sign of Art.the Rounde Table'. See
A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II, p.
46.
cross the hills dry & good pasture to A
Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II, p. 48; and Baring-Gould
and Fisher, The Lives of the British Saints, vol.
III, p. 117.
r Lloyds
Harps. p. 50. this book.
XV. Tribes. Tr.
V.The History of
the Parish of Whiteford and Holywell. See HPWaH, pp. 295–8.
pass over a wide common with black moors on all sides: on one a view of the vast
The whas in it several curious things;r very antient said to
have sold The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the
Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli,
Cedewen, and Meirionydd and many of the descendants of the
fifteen noble tribes of Gwynedd (London: T. Richards, 1884), p.
270. The 1770 Tour manuscript account includes between fols. 72 and 73 further
information about the Wynn family of Gwydir in John Lloyd's hand. See Loose leaf l_13,
below.armiger', see here [accessed 9 May 2024]; and, further, Davies, The Revolt of Owain Glyn Dŵr, p. 205.A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773]
(1st edn.), II, p. 134; and for an image, here [accessed 13 May
2024].
Faunula
Grustensis (1830), p. 7.
The wood work is very neat & prettily carved, brought from Faunula Grustensis (1830), p.
7.
= a tomb stone of the 7613.
a little child in marble aged one month very
neat.
walk to
Denbigh
1
. cistercian removed from
A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II,
pp. 145–6.A Topographical History of Wales (London: S. Lewis
& Co., 1849), here s.n. Maenan-Abbey, or Maenan-Myn-Achdŷ [accessed 15 May
2024].Foedera (Londini: J.
Tonson, 1726), II, pp. 427–8.356. & app. 289.
the
miller, Parson &c told me He meant to make
something smart & tasty. his worse trade is that
of Divinity which as he just told the Bishop of Bangorx
x
r
NewcombeJeroboam
[several letters]
fl.
1742–86), had been consecrated priest by
the Heiress of this house ran away with a
Aug 14. ride ^in woods by the sides of the The History of the Gwedir Family (1770), p.
133. Wynn's account of his family's history is dated c.1580-1616. See Wynn, The History of the Gwydir
Family and Memoirs (1990), p. xxiii.
our Guide told us of a cave with a stone chest in it, which the miners never could get at: either the ground fell in, or else they were prevented by a bird the genius of the place.
Turn to the right, cross
rock, which are excellent natural piers, at this time the ^.vide
. I. 121.giant
pots, as are to be met with in Sweden'.
The country now changed its appearance; & looked very alpine. The sides of
the hills were well wooded; the pasture & arable land very trifling, mixed
with trees;c.1810, which suggest that forests were a thing of the past: 'To cover
the sides of our Snowdonian Alps with woods, would at present be deemed more
than a Sisyphean labour; but it is certain they were once covered'. Davies,
General view of the agriculture and domestic economy
of north Wales, p. 229; and see note in ibid.
bright river.GPC
s.v. llugwy, where the suggested meaning of 'llugwy' is 'flow of tears', rather than
Pennant's 'bright'.
ast impetuosity
& foam; the river beneath is deep & black; the whole shaded by trees on
every side.
The
the vast precipice is also cloathed with trees, which
start out of its fissures. Just above is another cataract; the chasm it falls
into is blacker & more horrible than the other. the people believe that the
ghost of
enter twoLliw,
dine at
At the end of this vale have a full view of
rwstx
x
M rMason
A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II,
p. 211.A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II, p.
171.viewperspective.
The hills that
bound A Tour in Wales 1770
[1773] (1st edn.), II, p. 157.
The
At which the Sybil of the place draws a divination
as to the person that consults her.Life of Julius Caesar, chapter
63.
superstition of Hills rivers &c De Excidio Britanniæ, 'De
contumacia', 4:3: 'Neither do I, by name, inveigh against the mountains,
valleys or rivers, once destructive, but now suitable for the use of
man, upon which divine honour was then heaped by the people in their
blindness' (translated here [accessed 23 May 2024].
The t Peris
lay at r Closes
Aug 15. set out, went along the side of the first [several letters]
[several letters]
xx
GPC s.v. gwair (gwair rhos and gwair
rhostir) where the definition given is 'rough hay growing in moorlnd,
&c.'.
all cregeeryri is forest. 42.The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary (Oxford:
Thomas Hearne, 1710), which also notes the location in the original
manuscript as 'Fol. 47'.
oabove are the sheep walks which
are very extensive to every Farm. the
pass thro +
clamber among the rocks a difficult way; on our left the steeps down to
left
right another to the small lakes, +
Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx, 2
vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1901), pp. 125-30.
Name of
conic point of
terminates almost
in a point on which is formed a small ^circular wall
shelter of loose stones in which those who visit this mountain, take
their repast. The mountain from hence appears supported by four vast buttresses
between which are four deep cwms;GPC s.v. cwm, where the definition is 'a deep narrow
valley, coom, glen, dale'.
]jutting rock that impended
over; on which we stood like
ddau
The water of a along the cwm
near the upper end is a diminutive water called
+.
The bottom that contains these lakes is surrounded by the highest hills; the
greatest part of whose sides are stupendous precipices, forming the most
magnificent amphitheatre in nature. The
iw
eddthro which flows the river that goes to is bounded by a long ridge like a
saddle called
r GreenwoodDictionary of
pastellists before 1800: Online edition (updated 26 November 2021),
here
[accessed 2 July 2024].
M r Grace
Camel & Drom.
Adam & Eve
r Bloxam
[A DIAGRAM FOLLOWS, showing two
vertical blocks with a horizontal block above.]
Johannes ap Madoc Plas madoc of stone in armr
[SIDEWAYS] Made of cloth
st–
I have great Reason to believe that the true name of the Hill above d Copparleni, is Cop-Paulini, and that it derives its name from
t Asaphd there in his approach to, or return
from
N:B: If this Cop was in after times ever used as a Beacon it is no argument of its being originally erected for that purpose
d
On the left of
d
d the news, I am told there is an
inscription upon a stone. – There may be some truth in this Tradition, the
word croesor signifies the unlucky or fatal hour,
st-
I dissent from
your Opinion in regard to these Monuments, I sarLlwy
I believe the Battle was fought upon
d in your note,
notwithstanding one of the
st-
this Inscription.
Bedd Petrûal
a wnaed i afon
the river Alaw and that was where she was
buried'.
when her and his whole family retired to
Vide
This place afterwards obtain,d the
name bes, so he must be very ancient. -
You have Omitted mentioning three Cromlechau. we measured between
these were
monuments erected in memory of a Battle. for r Powel
To account for the name that the Druids sacrificed to that Deity under that name, which I
believe, is no where mention,d or shall I venture to Conjecture that
the Romans carried their arms here, demolish,d the altar of this place, the
Fragments of which, if I mistake not, remain there still, and by way of Triumph
& Reproach, upon this place, sacrific,d to their belov,d
d but without foundation that the
Romans penetrated no further in to this country than d by
d in a manuscript at
Shall we further Conjecture that
A:D.
A:D: 1237. Died Ievan King JohnQueenPrincess of Wales at her KingPrincet. Asaphbare footed
Friers. And the Place is at this Day, called
(tempore He) e same place e. Death of her
Glass Norman Glass In 1411.Ex
inf. Martin Crampin.e Possn. of ye
late e Parish of
t
t the 11th. day of Novbr. being
Friday 1282
d the 1st
d. Tournaments to be celebrated at Conquest, Coexistence, and Change: Wales, 1063-1415 (New York:
Claredon Press, Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 355.
yn y
welch names of animals of the Deer kind. from Poets of the first times.
yr Iwrch
Y Carw GPC s.v. ewig,
where examples date from the 12th century onwards and include the Latin name
used by Pennant, 'Cerua', from John Davies, Dictionarium
Duplex (1632).
Elain &o'r GPC s.n. elain (where the connection with the
form 'Hinnulus' used here by Pennant is recorded in a 1604-7 dictionary);
ailon, eilion.A
Tour in Wales 1770 [1778] (1st edn.), II, p. 117.
Prydain.
r Stillingfllet
Par. 182.
183 Deer
fond of music. An
introduction to the skill of musick, 19th edn. (London: printed by
William Pearson, for Benjamin Sprint, 1730), unpaginated.
63.
Harp.
Romanusq. Lyra plaudat tibi, Barbarus Harp[a]
x a cithara or lyre
like a harp on a tripod before apis.Tab: Isiaca.
Lyra trigona
another very like our harp. has
twelve strings. in anDe Tribus
Generibus Instumentorum Musicæ Veterum Organicæ Dissertatio,
showing an instrument with a concave right hand side and a convex left hand
side.
st
....itur Deus Amen: Anno Dni: Mccc:V 88
Hic Jacet Johannes ap
..... ap Madoc ap
------------------------------------------------------------
There is one
of his names quite broke off excepting the first Letter which seems to be a G:
and part of the last which I know not what to make of. - The 3 Letters marked
with Dotts in
Quære what Credit is due to the story of its being the Residence
of one Gai st. Vol: 1st. A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II, p.
76.
r
d wife d
1589 d daughter married thrice; 1st
r Pennantdly Edward Williams of dly Capt: Lloyd of
She was buried at
Hall
58f. by 30. roof timbered high. on two of the supports a
ield on one a cross. on the other
the spears head & sponge. this room built in Catholic times
on the
Pictures
three quarters in armour with a red
velve
t heralds mantle over, a white Lion
on the forepaw rampant, & three crescents
dark hair beard & whiskers. hands in a praying posture.
d III.ODNB s.n. Henry VII
(1457-1509).
motto. Sat est
prostrasse Leoni
Tristia III, v. 33. See Ursula
Georges, 'Heraldic Latin Mottoes: Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Welsh
Evidence', here [accessed 4 July 2024].
This is on canvass.
probably a copy
half length short dark hair small whiskers no beard. yellow figured Jacket. one
hand on his hside. other on his sword. vast ruff. ann Dmi 1591 æt.
suæ 24. on wood.
dagger by his side. arms with many quarters. Lion with a crescent as a crest.
beneath as motto vincit qui patitur
another picture half length. dark hair whiskers, small; small bushy beard. earing. grey & black figured vest. sword &
dagger. bonnet & feather in his hand.
arms two Lions rampant holding a
crescent between them. motto Posse et nolle
nobile.
with a fine laced turnover. also the same at his wrists. supposed to be the strongdied 1632.
Full length sitting as
if at his toilet in his shirt naked breast red mantle cast over one arm. red
breeches p
oints at his knees. purple stockings.
rich laced slippers. small whiskers bushy beard. brown hair. a wild look. sits
in a balcony rich flowered gild cloth over a table. arms a Lion rampant on the
cloth & cres
bloody hand. first Baronet
Another ODNB s.n. Salisbury, Salesbury,
or Salusbury, Thomas (d 1643), here
[accessed 4 July 2024].
one little girls & 2
hounds
Late
Hall full or arms, armour long
Half length in armr on canvas Coarse paint. short
t 2 headed sword. still preserved
cross at his
neckA Tour in
Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II, pp. 25-7, where Pennant describes portraits
at Lleweni.
good head of t E.
EssexODNB s.n. Devereux, Robert, second earl of Essex
(1565–1601).
old man 1/2 length white hair beard whiskers. black figured Jackett. plain
turnover A Tour in Wales 1770 [1773] (1st edn.), II, pp.
25-7.
Youth
d Cloughrs one married a younger Bror of
d
Efe a aeth yn GloughGlwch' ['He became a Clough']
in reference to a person who has amassed wealth like the affluent Sir
Richard Clough (d. 1570), see GPC s.v. clwch1.
Ith year gave to
[An undated newspaper cutting regarding the letting out of '
nothing in the
Mediolanum ----------
Canubio ---------
Mediolano -----------
Sandonio
Mediolanum,
Mona
Toisobius
Cancanorum Promontorium }
Conovium.
Varæ
[several lines of faded and largely illegible text in Thomas Pennant's hand]
Set out & see
the nearby
24 or 30 roman miles.
english m. 1056 paces
Roman 967 Engl. paces
difference 89
hone 18 of March in ye
year of our Ld God 1578 & r
Alderman of West
ye
e ___ of _____
Llanrwst
_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2628788.jpg){kind=link}